The Parisian club has now won the prestigious cup on fourteen separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a comfortable win in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the net in the opening stages.
However, Marseille struck two times in the closing moments to take a surprise advantage. Initially, the English forward converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
The record winners PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.